button,html,input,keygen,select,textarea{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,Lucida Sans Unicode,Microsoft Sans Serif,Segoe UI Symbol,STIXGeneral,Cambria Math,Arial Unicode MS,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{color:#505050}input[type=text]{float:left;border:1px solid #ebebeb;padding:8px;width:100%;height:32px;line-height:20px;font-size:14px}h1{line-height:30px;font-size:22px}h1,h2{margin:0;font-weight:400}h2{line-height:32px;font-size:16px}h3{font-size:14px}h3,h4{margin:0;line-height:20px;font-weight:400}h4{font-size:13px}h5{margin:0;line-height:17px;font-size:12px;font-weight:400}h1.primary,h2.primary,h3.primary,h4.primary{color:#007398}h1.secondary,h2.secondary,h3.secondary,h4.secondary{color:#737373}h1.bold,h2.bold,h3.bold,h4.bold{font-weight:700}ol,ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}span.size-xs{font-size:11px}span.size-s{font-size:12px}span.size-m{font-size:13px}span.size-ml{font-size:14px}span.size-l{font-size:16px}span.size-xl{font-size:20px}span.primary{color:#007398}span.secondary{color:#737373}span.bold{font-weight:700}span.small-caps{font-variant:small-caps}:after,:before{font-size:12px}a{text-decoration:none;color:#007398;word-break:break-word}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}a:visited{color:#007398}a u{text-decoration:underline}mark{background-color:#fff4d4}sub,sup{position:relative;top:-.4em;vertical-align:baseline}sub{top:.4em}*{box-sizing:border-box}.grid{margin:0}.grid:after{clear:both;content:"";display:table}.row:after,.row:before{content:" ";display:table}.row:after{clear:both}[class*=cl-],[class*=col-]{float:left;padding-bottom:0;padding-right:0;width:100%}[class*=cl-] .grid:last-of-type,[class*=col-] .grid:last-of-type{padding-right:0}.col-1-1{width:100%}.col-2-3{width:66.66%}.col-1-3{width:33.33%}.col-1-2{width:50%}.col-1-4{width:25%}.col-3-4{width:75%}.col-1-8{width:12.5%}.grid-pad{padding:0}.grid-pad [class*=cl-]:last-of-type,.grid-pad [class*=col-]:last-of-type{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cl-m-3-3,.col-p-3-3{width:100%}.cl-m-2-3,.col-p-2-3{width:66.66%}.cl-m-1-3,.col-p-1-3{width:33.33%}.cl-m-1-2,.col-p-1-2{width:50%}.hidden-p,.hide-m{display:none}}@media screen and (min-width:600px) and (max-width:1023px){.cl-m-3-3,.col-p-3-3{width:100%}.cl-m-2-3,.col-p-2-3{width:66.66%}.cl-m-1-3,.col-p-1-3{width:33.33%}.cl-m-1-2,.col-p-1-2{width:50%}.cl-t-9-9,.col-l-9-9{width:100%}.cl-t-8-9,.col-l-8-9{width:88.88%}.cl-t-7-9,.col-l-7-9{width:77.77%}.cl-t-6-9,.col-l-6-9{width:66.66%}.cl-t-5-9,.col-l-5-9{width:55.55%}.cl-t-4-9,.col-l-4-9{width:44.44%}.cl-t-3-9,.col-l-3-9{width:33.33%}.cl-t-2-9,.col-l-2-9{width:22.22%}.cl-t-1-9,.col-l-1-9{width:11.11%}.hidden-l,.hide-t{display:none}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1199px){.cl-m-3-3,.col-p-3-3{width:100%}.cl-m-2-3,.col-p-2-3{width:66.66%}.cl-m-1-3,.col-p-1-3{width:33.33%}.cl-m-1-2,.col-p-1-2{width:50%}.cl-t-9-9,.col-l-9-9{width:100%}.cl-t-8-9,.col-l-8-9{width:88.88%}.cl-t-7-9,.col-l-7-9{width:77.77%}.cl-t-6-9,.col-l-6-9{width:66.66%}.cl-t-5-9,.col-l-5-9{width:55.55%}.cl-t-4-9,.col-l-4-9{width:44.44%}.cl-t-3-9,.col-l-3-9{width:33.33%}.cl-t-2-9,.col-l-2-9{width:22.22%}.cl-t-1-9,.col-l-1-9{width:11.11%}.cl-l-12-12,.col-d-12-12{width:100%}.cl-l-11-12,.col-d-11-12{width:91.66%}.cl-l-10-12,.col-d-10-12{width:83.33%}.cl-l-9-12,.col-d-9-12{width:75%}.cl-l-8-12,.col-d-8-12{width:66.66%}.cl-l-7-12,.col-d-7-12{width:58.33%}.cl-l-6-12,.col-d-6-12{width:50%}.cl-l-5-12,.col-d-5-12{width:41.66%}.cl-l-4-12,.col-d-4-12{width:33.33%}.cl-l-3-12,.col-d-3-12{width:25%}.cl-l-2-12,.col-d-2-12{width:16.66%}.cl-l-1-12,.col-d-1-12{width:8.33%}.hidden-d,.hide-l{display:none}}@media screen and (min-width:1200px){.cl-m-3-3,.col-p-3-3{width:100%}.cl-m-2-3,.col-p-2-3{width:66.66%}.cl-m-1-3,.col-p-1-3{width:33.33%}.cl-m-1-2,.col-p-1-2{width:50%}.cl-t-9-9,.col-l-9-9{width:100%}.cl-t-8-9,.col-l-8-9{width:88.88%}.cl-t-7-9,.col-l-7-9{width:77.77%}.cl-t-6-9,.col-l-6-9{width:66.66%}.cl-t-5-9,.col-l-5-9{width:55.55%}.cl-t-4-9,.col-l-4-9{width:44.44%}.cl-t-3-9,.col-l-3-9{width:33.33%}.cl-t-2-9,.col-l-2-9{width:22.22%}.cl-t-1-9,.col-l-1-9{width:11.11%}.cl-l-12-12,.col-d-12-12{width:100%}.cl-l-11-12,.col-d-11-12{width:91.66%}.cl-l-10-12,.col-d-10-12{width:83.33%}.cl-l-9-12,.col-d-9-12{width:75%}.cl-l-8-12,.col-d-8-12{width:66.66%}.cl-l-7-12,.col-d-7-12{width:58.33%}.cl-l-6-12,.col-d-6-12{width:50%}.cl-l-5-12,.col-d-5-12{width:41.66%}.cl-l-4-12,.col-d-4-12{width:33.33%}.cl-l-3-12,.col-d-3-12{width:25%}.cl-l-2-12,.col-d-2-12{width:16.66%}.cl-l-1-12,.col-d-1-12{width:8.33%}.cl-d-15-15,.col-dl-15-15{width:100%}.cl-d-14-15,.col-dl-14-15{width:93.33%}.cl-d-13-15,.col-dl-13-15{width:86.66%}.cl-d-12-15,.col-dl-12-15{width:80%}.cl-d-11-15,.col-dl-11-15{width:73.33%}.cl-d-10-15,.col-dl-10-15{width:66.66%}.cl-d-9-15,.col-dl-9-15{width:60%}.cl-d-8-15,.col-dl-8-15{width:53.33%}.cl-d-7-15,.col-dl-7-15{width:46.66%}.cl-d-6-15,.col-dl-6-15{width:40%}.cl-d-5-15,.col-dl-5-15{width:33.33%}.cl-d-4-15,.col-dl-4-15{width:26.66%}.cl-d-3-15,.col-dl-3-15{width:20%}.cl-d-2-15,.col-dl-2-15{width:13.33%}.cl-d-1-15,.col-dl-1-15{width:6.66%}.hidden-dl,.hide-d{display:none}}.App{display:block;margin:auto}.App,.App .page{position:relative}.App .page{height:100%}.App .page>.content{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;margin-top:15%;margin-bottom:8.5%;overflow:auto}.App a img{border:0}table{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;width:100%}table caption{margin-bottom:20px;color:#737373;margin-left:24px;margin-right:24px;font-size:13px}table th{font-weight:700}table td,table th{font-size:13px}table .no-border{border:0}table .border-right{border-right:1px solid #ebebeb}table .border-left{border-left:1px solid #ebebeb}table .border-top{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb}table .border-bottom{border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb}.frames-none{border:0}.frames-top{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb}.frames-bottom,.frames-topbot{border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb}.frames-topbot{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb}.frames-all,.frames-all td,.frames-all th{border:1px solid #ebebeb}.frames-sides{border-left:1px solid #ebebeb;border-right:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables{margin:16px 0;border-top:2px solid #ebebeb;border-bottom:2px solid #ebebeb}.tables,.tables .label{font-size:13px}.tables .tables{border-top:0;border-bottom:0}.tables table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;text-align:left;width:100%}.tables.frame-top table{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables.frame-bottom table,.tables.frame-topbot table{border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables.frame-topbot table{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables.frame-sides table{border-left:1px solid #ebebeb;border-right:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables.frame-all table{border:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables.rowsep-1 td,.tables.rowsep-1 th,.tables table.rowsep-1 td,.tables table.rowsep-1 th,.tables tr.rowsep-1 td,.tables tr.rowsep-1 th{border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables.rowsep-0 td,.tables.rowsep-0 th,.tables table.rowsep-0 td,.tables table.rowsep-0 th,.tables tr.rowsep-0 td,.tables tr.rowsep-0 th{border-bottom:0}.tables.colsep-1 td,.tables.colsep-1 th,.tables table.colsep-1 td,.tables table.colsep-1 th{border-right:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables.colsep-0 td,.tables.colsep-0 th,.tables table.colsep-0 td,.tables table.colsep-0 th{border-right:0}.tables thead{vertical-align:bottom}.tables thead th{font-weight:700}.tables tbody{vertical-align:top}.tables td,.tables th{padding:5px;border-right:1px solid #ebebeb;border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables td.colsep-0,.tables th.colsep-0{border-right:0}.tables td.rowsep-0,.tables th.rowsep-0{border-bottom:0}.tables td.colsep-1,.tables th.colsep-1{border-right:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables td.border-left,.tables th.border-left{border-left:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables td.border-right,.tables th.border-right{border-right:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables td.border-top,.tables th.border-top{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables td.border-bottom,.tables th.border-bottom{border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables th{position:relative}.tables th.rowsep-1:after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:-1px;left:0;right:0;display:block;margin:0 4px}.tables td.rowsep-1,.tables th.rowsep-1:after{border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb}.tables td:last-child,.tables th:last-child{border-right:0}.tables .valign-top{vertical-align:top}.tables .valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.tables .valign-bottom{vertical-align:bottom}.tables .align-left{text-align:left}.tables .align-right{text-align:right}.tables .align-center{text-align:center}.tables .align-justify{text-align:justify}.tables .captions{margin-top:16px}.tables .captions,.tables .copyright,.tables .footnotes,.tables .legend,.tables .source{margin-left:24px;color:#737373}.tables .groups{overflow-x:auto;margin:16px 0}.tables .footnotes dt{margin-left:0}.tables .footnotes dd{margin-left:20px}.article-textbox{background-color:#f5f5f5;margin:16px 0;padding:16px 32px 1px}.article-textbox.role-alt1,.article-textbox.role-alt6,.article-textbox.role-alt11,.article-textbox.role-alt16,.article-textbox.role-alt21,.article-textbox.role-altm1,.article-textbox.role-altm6,.article-textbox.role-altm11,.article-textbox.role-altm16,.article-textbox.role-altm21,.article-textbox.role-pull-quote{background-color:#fff4d4}.article-textbox.role-alt2,.article-textbox.role-alt7,.article-textbox.role-alt12,.article-textbox.role-alt17,.article-textbox.role-alt22,.article-textbox.role-altm2,.article-textbox.role-altm7,.article-textbox.role-altm12,.article-textbox.role-altm17,.article-textbox.role-altm22{background-color:#e7f9c2}.article-textbox.role-alt3,.article-textbox.role-alt8,.article-textbox.role-alt13,.article-textbox.role-alt18,.article-textbox.role-alt23,.article-textbox.role-altm3,.article-textbox.role-altm8,.article-textbox.role-altm13,.article-textbox.role-altm18,.article-textbox.role-altm23{background-color:#ebf7fd}.article-textbox.role-alt4,.article-textbox.role-alt9,.article-textbox.role-alt14,.article-textbox.role-alt19,.article-textbox.role-alt24,.article-textbox.role-altm4,.article-textbox.role-altm9,.article-textbox.role-altm14,.article-textbox.role-altm19,.article-textbox.role-altm24{background-color:#ffd9e7}.article-textbox.role-coding,.article-textbox.role-definition,.article-textbox.role-drugs,.article-textbox.role-ethics,.article-textbox.role-focus,.article-textbox.role-health-care,.article-textbox.role-key-term,.article-textbox.role-medical-topic,.article-textbox.role-review,.article-textbox.role-technical{background-color:#ebf7fd}.article-textbox.role-case-study,.article-textbox.role-evidence-based,.article-textbox.role-exercise,.article-textbox.role-practice,.article-textbox.role-q-and-a,.article-textbox.role-teaching{background-color:#e7f9c2}.article-textbox.role-alert,.article-textbox.role-safety{background-color:#fc9}.article-textbox.role-guideline,.article-textbox.role-procedure,.article-textbox.role-skill{background-color:#eabdff}.article-textbox.role-note,.article-textbox.role-pearl,.article-textbox.role-tip,.article-textbox.role-web{background-color:#fff4d4}.article-textbox .article-title{margin-bottom:12px}.article-textbox .article-sub-title{margin-bottom:8px}.article-textbox h2{margin:0;line-height:30px;font-size:22px;font-weight:400}.article-textbox .author-group{display:block;margin-bottom:12px}.article-textbox .author{display:inline}.article-textbox .author.small{font-size:small}.article-textbox .author:not(:first-child):before{content:", "}.article-textbox .affiliation{margin-left:24px}.article-textbox .affiliation.small{font-size:small;line-height:22px}.article-textbox .affiliation .label{margin-left:-24px;position:relative;float:left}.article-textbox .article-references{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:0}.article-textbox .reference li{margin-left:32px}.article-textbox .reference .reference-label{float:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:8px;min-width:16px}.article-textbox .reference-author span:not(:first-child):before{content:", "}.article-textbox .reference-title{font-weight:700}.article-textbox .reference-source span:not(:first-child):before{content:", "}.article-textbox .article-reference-article,.article-textbox .article-reference-note,.article-textbox .article-reference-other-ref{margin-bottom:16px}.article-textbox .article-list{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px}.article-textbox .article-list dt{margin-right:2px;min-width:24px}.article-textbox .article-list dt~dd{margin-left:38px}.article-textbox .article-list dd{margin-left:0}.article-textbox .article-list dd dd{margin-left:38px}.article-textbox .article-list p{margin-bottom:20px}.article-textbox .article-list p:first-of-type:last-child{margin-bottom:8px}.article-textbox .article-list+p{display:block}.article-textbox .article-textbox-label{margin-bottom:16px}.Article [role=main]{padding-top:12px}@media screen and (max-width:767px){.Article [role=main]{width:100%}}.Article .article-wrapper{max-width:1440px;margin:auto;overflow:auto}.Article .related-content-links{background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:8px;margin:20px 0}.Publication{display:table;margin-bottom:9px;border-bottom:2px solid #ebebeb;padding-bottom:12px;width:100%;min-height:106px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.Publication{padding-bottom:24px}}.Publication .publication-brand{display:table-cell;margin-bottom:8px;max-width:calc(100% - 80px);max-height:80px}.Publication .publication-brand .icon{margin-right:12px}.Publication .publication-brand .article-branding{max-width:calc(100% - 5px)}.Publication .publication-title-link,.Publication .publication-title-link:visited{color:#505050;font-size:20px}.Publication .publication-volume{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:24px}.Publication .publication-cover{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top;text-align:right}.Publication .publication-cover .publication-cover-align{display:inline-block;text-align:center}.Publication .publication-cover .publication-cover-image{max-width:80px;max-height:80px}.Publication .elsevier-logo,.Publication .publication-logo{max-width:80px;max-height:88px}.Head .article-dochead{line-height:22px;color:#737373}.Head .article-title{margin-bottom:6px;line-height:32px;font-size:23px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.Head .article-title{font-size:20px}}.Head .article-dedication,.Head .article-presented{margin-bottom:6px;color:#737373}.Head sup{padding-right:4px}.Head .label{margin-left:8px}.Banner{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:8px}.Banner .AuthorCollaboration:not(:last-of-type),.Banner .AuthorGroup,.Banner .inner-element{margin-bottom:22px}.Banner .AuthorCollaboration .inner-element{margin-left:22px}.Banner .Author{margin:0;line-height:22px}.Banner .Author .author-link:hover{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #e9711c}.Banner .Author .author-ref:not(:last-child):after,.Banner .Author:not(:last-of-type):after{content:", "}.Banner .affiliation{color:#737373;vertical-align:top;margin:22px}.Banner .affiliation dt{clear:left;float:left;width:2.3em;text-align:right}.Banner .affiliation dd{margin-left:3em}.Banner .affiliation dd:not(:last-child){padding:0 0 22px}.Banner .IconCollapse svg,.Banner .IconExpand svg{fill:#333}.Banner .arrow-btn{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:8px}.Banner .show-details{display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700}.Banner .show-details:hover+.wrapper.truncated{overflow:visible;max-height:none}.Banner .wrapper{line-height:22px}.Banner .wrapper.truncated{max-height:44px;overflow:hidden}.Abstracts{line-height:150%}.Abstracts dd>p{margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:4px}.Abstracts .displayed-quote{margin-left:32px}.Abstracts .enunciation-label{font-weight:700}.Abstracts .formula{display:block;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;position:relative}.Abstracts .formula .math{text-align:left}.Abstracts .formula .formula-label{position:absolute;right:0;top:50%;-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%)}.Abstracts .abstract{margin-bottom:8px}.Abstracts .abstract dt{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:16px}.Abstracts .abstract dd{display:block;margin-left:48px}.Abstracts .abstract dd p{display:inline-block;width:100%;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:8px}.Abstracts .abstract h2{margin-bottom:8px;font-size:18px}.Abstracts .abstract h3{margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:16px}.Abstracts .author-highlights,.Abstracts .editor-highlights{background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:32px;max-width:680px}.Abstracts .graphical figure{font-size:13px;display:block;padding:8px 0;margin:0;border-top:1px solid #c9c9c9;border-bottom:1px solid #c9c9c9}.Abstracts .graphical figure h4{float:left;padding-right:.3em;font-weight:700}.Abstracts .graphical figure figcaption{line-height:22px;color:#737373}.Abstracts .graphical figure img{max-width:100%}.Abstracts .graphical figure li{display:inline-block;width:50%}.Abstracts .article-textbox h2{margin:0;line-height:30px;font-size:22px;font-weight:400}.Biographies{line-height:150%}.Biographies h2{margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:4px;line-height:28px;font-size:18px}.Biographies .biography{margin-bottom:8px}.Biographies .biography p{margin:0 0 20px}.Biographies .biography dt{float:left;clear:left}.Biographies .biography h2{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:18px}.Biographies .biography h3{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:16px}.Biographies dd>p{margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:4px}.Biographies .displayed-quote{margin-left:32px}.Biographies .enunciation-label{font-weight:700}.Biographies .formula{display:block;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px}.References{line-height:22px;color:#737373;font-size:13px}.References h2{color:#505050;font-size:18px}.References dl{vertical-align:top}.References dl dt{display:block;float:left;min-width:40px;padding-right:10px}.References dl dd{display:block}.References .ref-title{display:block;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-weight:700;color:#505050}.References .ref-authors,.References .reference-paragraph{color:#505050}.References .ref-authors:after,.References .ref-title:after{white-space:pre;content:"\A"}.References .other-ref,.References .ref-host{display:block}.References .ref-article-link{margin-right:24px;white-space:nowrap}.References .ref-article-link,.References .ref-article-pdf{cursor:pointer}.References .icon-pdf{background-size:16px;height:16px;width:16px;position:relative;top:3px;margin-right:6px}.References:last-child{margin-bottom:32px}.Glossary,.Glossary .glossary-section{overflow:hidden}.Glossary h2{margin-top:16px;color:#505050;font-size:18px}.Glossary h3{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:8px}.Glossary:last-child{padding-bottom:32px;margin-bottom:32px;border-bottom:2px solid #ebebeb}.Glossary dd{margin-bottom:10px;line-height:24px}.ReferencedArticles{font-size:13px}.ReferencedArticles .referenced-article-title{float:left;margin-bottom:-20px;font-weight:700}.ReferencedArticles .refers-to-content{display:block;padding-left:100px}.ReferencedArticles .ArticleItem{margin-bottom:13px}.ReferencedArticles .ArticleItem>*{margin-bottom:5px}.ReferencedArticles .ArticleItem .referenced-article-link{font-size:14px;line-height:18px}.ReferencedArticles .ArticleItem .ellipses{display:block;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.ReferencedArticles .ArticleItem .referenced-article-source{margin-top:5px;color:#737373}.ReferencedArticles .ArticleItem .icon-link{display:inline-block}.ReferencedArticles .ArticleItem .Icon{position:relative;top:2px;margin-right:8px}.Footnotes{font-size:13px}.Footnotes dl{line-height:1.5em}.Footnotes dt{display:inline-block;float:left}.PdfEmbed .embedded-pdf-styles{border-color:#ebebeb;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 0;height:783px;width:100%}.PdfEmbed .pdf-icon{clear:both;line-height:1.5}.PdfEmbed .download-pdf-link-container{font-size:15px;font-weight:700;display:inline-block;width:100%;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px}.PdfEmbed .download-pdf-link-container .icon-pdf{float:left}.PdfEmbed .download-pdf-link{display:inline-block}.PdfEmbed .download-pdf-link:hover{text-decoration:none}.PdfEmbed .download-pdf-link .download-pdf-link-text{text-decoration:none;color:#007398}.PdfEmbed .download-pdf-link .download-pdf-link-text:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:#e9711c}.PdfEmbed .download-pdf-link-text{float:left;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;padding-top:7px;margin-left:5px}.ie9 .EntitledRecommendationsModal .close-entitled-rec-modal{position:relative;top:0;right:0;margin-top:0}.EntitledRecommendationsModal{max-height:90vh;max-width:792px;padding:32px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal a{color:#007398}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .OpenAccessLabel{display:inline-block;text-transform:capitalize}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .label-container{margin-right:5px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-item{margin:0 0 16px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-item input{margin-left:-18px;height:14px;width:14px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .entitled-rec-list{margin-left:17px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal .entitled-rec-list{margin:0}}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info{display:inline-block;margin:0 16px 0 12px;padding:0;width:100%}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info{margin:0}}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info .journal-title{line-height:1.428;font-size:14px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info .journal-title label{cursor:pointer}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info .details{line-height:1.5;color:#737373;font-size:12px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info .openaccess{color:#e9711c}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info .buttons{clear:both;line-height:1.5}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info-content{margin-left:8px;display:inline-table}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal .article-info-content{margin:0}}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .author-list{overflow:auto}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .author-list li{float:left;margin-right:4px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .multiselect{margin:16px 0;line-height:1.25}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal .multiselect{display:none}}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .multiselect .Pdf{margin-left:4px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .btn-arrow-left{display:inline-block;position:relative;border:1px solid #ebebeb;background-color:#fff;padding:4px;height:32px;overflow:visible;line-height:1.8;color:#007398;font-size:12px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .btn-arrow-left .btn-text{margin:0 3px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .btn-arrow-left:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:#e9711c;cursor:pointer}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .btn-arrow-left:disabled{color:#737373;cursor:default;text-decoration:none}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .btn-arrow-left:before{position:absolute;top:100%;left:4px;border:solid transparent;border-width:11px;border-top-color:inherit;width:0;height:0;content:" ";pointer-events:none}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .btn-arrow-left:after{position:absolute;top:98%;left:4px;margin-left:1px;border:solid transparent;border-width:10px;border-top-color:#fff;width:0;height:0;content:" ";pointer-events:none}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .icon-pdf{vertical-align:middle;margin-right:8px;background-size:16px;height:16px;width:16px;margin-top:-1px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .close{position:absolute;top:16px;right:16px;color:#007398;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer;border:0;padding:0}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .journal-advert-label{float:right;padding-right:20px;font-size:10px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal{padding-bottom:16px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .modal-header h1{width:80%}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .modal-content{margin-top:16px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .journal-advert-container{display:none}}@media screen and (min-width:600px) and (max-width:1023px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal .journal-advert-container{display:none}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1199px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal{min-width:812px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .modal-header{padding-top:16px}}@media screen and (min-width:1200px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal{min-width:812px}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .modal-header{padding-top:16px}}.EntitledRecommendationsModal .modal-footer{margin-bottom:-16px;border-top:1px solid #c9c9c9;padding-top:16px;line-height:22px;box-sizing:border-box}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.EntitledRecommendationsModal .modal-footer{margin:0}}.PdfPreview .pdf-preview-heading{font-size:20px;font-weight:400;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.PdfPreview .image-pdf-preview-link{display:inline-block;width:100%}.PdfPreview .image-pdf-preview-link img{width:100%}.PdfPreview .image-pdf-preview-link:hover{text-decoration:none}.PdfPreview .image-pdf-preview-link:hover .preview-link-text{color:#007398;text-decoration:none}.PdfPreview .image-pdf-preview-link:hover .preview-link-text:hover{color:#e9711c;text-decoration:underline}.PdfPreview .preview-link-text{margin:20px 0}.PdfPreview .image-preview-container{display:block;border:1px solid #ebebeb;position:relative;z-index:0}.PdfPreview .image-preview-container:hover .first-page-hover-overlay{display:block}.PdfPreview .first-page-hover-overlay{display:none;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:100%;width:100%;background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8)}.PdfPreview .first-page-overlay-content{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);color:#007398;text-decoration:none;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;max-width:230px;white-space:nowrap}.PdfPreview .first-page-overlay-content:hover{text-decoration:underline}.PdfPreview .svg-search{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=UTF-8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" width="27" viewBox="0 0 27 24" id="search" y="40"><path fill="%236c9d31" d="M11.3 4.62a5.683 5.683 0 0 0-5.688 5.687c0 3.144 2.543 5.718 5.687 5.718 1.264 0 2.428-.426 3.374-1.125l5 3.437.03.03a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 2.375-1.22c0-.516-.256-.98-.655-1.25l-4.875-3.374a5.68 5.68 0 0 0 .436-2.218A5.683 5.683 0 0 0 11.3 4.62zm.03 1.906c2.143 0 3.906 1.732 3.906 3.875s-1.763 3.876-3.906 3.876c-2.143 0-3.875-1.732-3.875-3.875s1.732-3.874 3.875-3.874z"/></svg>');background-size:cover}.PageDivider{margin-bottom:24px;border-bottom:2px solid #ebebeb}.LicenseInfo{margin-bottom:2px;font-size:13px;line-height:25px}.LicenseInfo .License{display:inline-block}.LicenseInfo .OpenAccessLabel{float:right}@keyframes swipeIn{0%{left:100%}to{left:0}}@keyframes swipeOut{0%{left:0}to{left:100%}}@keyframes swipeUp{0%{margin-bottom:-50%}to{margin-bottom:0}}@keyframes swipeDown{0%{margin-bottom:0}to{margin-bottom:-50%}}.Workspace{position:fixed;top:96px;right:8px;bottom:8px;width:25%;font-size:13px;min-width:300px;z-index:10}@media screen and (max-width:767px){.Workspace{max-height:50%;top:auto;width:100%;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;overflow-y:auto}}.Workspace .content{position:relative;background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:16px 16px 32px;width:100%;height:100%;overflow-y:auto}.Workspace.workspace-enter-active .content{animation:swipeIn .35s}@media screen and (max-width:1023px){.Workspace.workspace-enter-active .content{animation:swipeUp .35s}}.Workspace.workspace-leave-active .content{animation:swipeOut .35s}@media screen and (max-width:1023px){.Workspace.workspace-leave-active .content{animation:swipeDown .35s}}.Workspace button{border:0;padding:2px 2px 0;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;color:#007398}.Workspace .header{text-align:right}.Workspace .nav{display:table;width:100%;line-height:3em}.Workspace .nav>div{display:table-cell;width:50%}.Workspace .nav>div:nth-child(2){text-align:right}.Workspace .nav button{line-height:1.5em;color:#007398;font-size:13px}.Workspace .nav button:first-child{margin-left:-5px;padding-left:5px}.Workspace .nav button:nth-child(2){padding-right:0}.Workspace .nav button:hover{color:#e9711c}.Workspace h2{color:#737373}.Workspace .note{line-height:1.5em}.Toolbar{width:100%;border-bottom:2px solid #ebebeb}.Toolbar .container{max-width:1440px;overflow:hidden;margin:auto;background-color:#fff;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:8px}.Toolbar .QuickSearch{margin-right:8px}.Toolbar .ExportCitation,.Toolbar .PdfDownloadButton{display:inline-block}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.Toolbar{text-align:center}.Toolbar .buttons{padding:0;float:none}}.QuickSearch .query{display:inline;max-width:162px;border-color:#c9c9c9}.QuickSearch .Button{cursor:pointer;height:32px;width:32px;margin:0 8px;background:#6c9d31;line-height:32px}.QuickSearch .Button .icon-search{height:20px;fill:#fff;margin-bottom:-5px}.QuickSearch .advanced-search-link{font-size:13px;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;line-height:16px}.QuickSearch input{color:#505050}.QuickSearch ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#737373;font-style:italic;font-size:14px}.QuickSearch :-moz-placeholder,.QuickSearch ::-moz-placeholder{color:#737373;font-style:italic;font-size:14px;opacity:.8}.QuickSearch :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#737373;font-style:italic;font-size:14px}.Copyright{margin:32px 0;font-size:13px}.Keywords .keyword-title{margin-top:16px;margin-bottom:4px;line-height:28px;font-size:18px}.Keywords .keyword{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;line-height:24px;font-size:16px}.Keywords:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:32px;border-bottom:2px solid #ebebeb;padding-bottom:32px}.LoadingSpinner{position:relative;margin:100px auto;width:40px;height:40px}.LoadingSpinner .double-bounce1,.LoadingSpinner .double-bounce2{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;animation:sk-bounce 2s infinite ease-in-out;opacity:.6;border-radius:50%;background-color:#333;width:100%;height:100%}.LoadingSpinner .double-bounce2{animation-delay:-1s}@keyframes sk-bounce{0%,to{transform:scale(0)}50%{transform:scale(1)}}.SidePanelItem{margin-bottom:16px}.SidePanelItem .sub-heading{line-height:15px;padding-bottom:4px}.SidePanelItem .sub-heading a{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%}.SidePanelItem .ellipsis{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal}.SidePanelItem .icon-pdf{position:relative;top:4px;margin-right:8px;line-height:0;background-size:16px;height:16px;width:16px}.SidePanel{border-bottom:2px solid #ebebeb;line-height:20px;font-size:13px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.SidePanel{margin:0 16px}}.SidePanel .side-panel-empty{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:14px}.SidePanel .arrow-btn{display:inline-block}.SidePanel .arrow-btn h2{line-height:32px;color:inherit;font-size:16px}.SidePanel .arrow-btn .Icon{margin-left:8px;float:right}.SidePanel .arrow-btn .section-title{transition:color .3s,border-bottom .3s;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;color:#505050}.SidePanel .arrow-btn:hover .section-title{border-color:#e9711c;color:inherit}.SidePanel .buttons>.icon-link{display:inline-block;margin-right:24px}.SidePanel .buttons>.icon-link h2{display:inline}.SidePanel .buttons>.icon-link .Icon{position:relative;top:2px;margin-right:8px;line-height:0}.SidePanel .buttons>.icon-link:hover span.primary{color:#e9711c}.SidePanel .rotated svg{fill:#e9711c}.SidePanel .title{margin-left:-16px;padding-left:16px;line-height:20px;font-weight:700}.SidePanel .details{padding-top:16px;line-height:20px;color:#505050;font-size:13px}.SidePanel .details .authors{font-size:13px}.SidePanel .details .detail-title{font-weight:700}.SidePanel .details>.small-grey{color:#737373}.SidePanel .side-panel-header{position:relative;padding:8px 0;margin-right:0}.SidePanel .side-panel-header *{text-decoration:none;width:100%}.SidePanel .side-panel-header span{line-height:32px}.SidePanel .side-panel-header .Icon{position:absolute;right:0;margin:8px 0;line-height:0}.SidePanel .view-more-link{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:15px}.SidePanel .view-more-link .Icon{-ms-transform:rotate(270deg);transform:rotate(270deg);margin-left:8px;line-height:0}.SidePanel .message{margin-bottom:16px}.alert-message-container{border:1px solid #f5f5f5;margin-bottom:10px;padding:10px 8px}.alert-message-container:before{float:left;margin-right:5px;position:relative;top:-2px}.alert-message-body{display:block;font-size:12px}.alert-message-body .IconAlert{vertical-align:middle;height:24px;width:24px}.Button{color:#fff;font-size:15px;line-height:32px;background-color:#007398;border:0;padding:0 8px;transition:background-color .3s,border-color .3s,color .3s}.Button:active,.Button:focus,.Button:hover{outline:0;background-color:#e9711c;border-color:#e9711c;text-decoration:none}.ArrowButton{padding-left:20px;padding-right:18px}.ArrowButton .icon-chevron-right{margin:0 0 0 8px;vertical-align:middle;fill:#fff}.ExportCitation{color:#505050;font-size:14px}.ExportCitation .ec-options-container{position:absolute;border:1px solid #c9c9c9;background-color:#fff;padding:16px 32px;line-height:22px;z-index:1;text-align:left;margin-top:4px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ExportCitation .ec-options-container{right:0}}.ExportCitation fieldset{border:0;padding:0;margin:0}.ExportCitation .ec-btn{display:table-cell;width:100%;height:100%;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.ExportCitation .ec-btn-text{padding:0 4px;font-size:12px}.ExportCitation .ec-help{float:right}.ExportCitation .ec-title{clear:both;font-weight:700}.ExportCitation .ec-subtitle{margin:16px 0 6px;font-weight:700}.ExportCitation .ec-heading{margin:8px 0 0;font-weight:700;font-size:14px}.ExportCitation input:hover{cursor:pointer}.ExportCitation .ec-option{margin-left:8px}.ExportCitation .ec-option:hover{cursor:pointer}.ExportCitation .ec-btn-save{display:table-cell;border:1px solid #c9c9c9;background-color:#fff;padding:0 4px;height:32px;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.5;font-size:12px}.ExportCitation .ec-link{line-height:18px;font-size:12px}.ExportCitation .ec-submit{margin-top:16px}.ExportCitation .ec-submit:hover{cursor:pointer}.ExportCitation .ec-icon{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle}.ExportCitation .ec-export-option{display:table;margin-bottom:8px}.ExportCitationButton{-webkit-appearance:none;background:transparent;border:0;font-size:14px;padding:0 5px;line-height:32px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .3s,border-bottom .3s}.ExportCitationButton .icon-navigate-down{fill:#007398;height:18px;width:18px;margin-bottom:-4px;transition:transform .3s}.ExportCitationButton.is-up .icon-navigate-down{-ms-transform:scaleY(-1);transform:scaleY(-1)}.ExportCitationButton .label{color:#007398;padding:0 2px 0 1px;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;transition:color .3s}.ExportCitationButton:hover .label{color:#e9711c;text-decoration:underline}.ExportCitationButton:hover .icon-navigate-down{fill:#e9711c}.WorkspaceAuthor{margin:13px 0 13px 24px;line-height:20px;color:#737373;font-size:13px}.WorkspaceAuthor .author-affiliation,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-correspondence,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-correspondences,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-emails,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-urls{margin-top:16px}.WorkspaceAuthor .author-affiliation li,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-correspondence li,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-correspondences li,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-emails li,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-urls li{margin-bottom:8px}.WorkspaceAuthor .author-affiliation svg,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-correspondences svg,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-correspondence svg,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-emails svg,.WorkspaceAuthor .author-urls svg{margin-bottom:-4px}.WorkspaceFootnote{padding:0 11px}.WorkspaceReference{margin:13px 0;line-height:20px}.WorkspaceReference [class^=ref-]{display:block}.WorkspaceReference .ref-title{padding:4px 0;font-weight:700;color:#505050}.DoiLink{line-height:25px;font-size:13px}.DoiLink .rights-and-content{float:right}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.DoiLink .rights-and-content{float:none;display:block}}.AccessOptions{background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:16px;padding:0 8px 16px;line-height:24px}.AccessOptions .access-options-header{font-size:16px;padding:16px 8px 0}.AccessOptions .access-options-row{font-size:14px}@media screen and (max-width:1180px){.AccessOptions .purchase-or-outward-link{width:100%}}.AccessOptions .access-options-check-access-section{padding:16px 8px 0}.AccessOptions .access-options-check-access-section p{padding-bottom:8px;margin:0}@media screen and (max-width:1180px){.AccessOptions .access-options-check-access-section{width:100%}}@media screen and (max-width:400px){.AccessOptions .access-options-check-access-section,.AccessOptions .access-options-outward-links-section,.AccessOptions .access-options-purchase-section{width:100%}}.AccessOptions .access-options-button{height:32px;line-height:28px;min-width:0;background-color:#007398;border:2px solid #007398;display:inline-block;margin:0;padding:0 8px;text-align:left;transition:background-color .3s,border-color .3s,color .3s;white-space:nowrap}.AccessOptions .access-options-button span{font-size:15px;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px}.AccessOptions .access-options-button span+.gizmo-icon{margin-left:0}.AccessOptions .access-options-button .gizmo-icon{margin:0 8px;vertical-align:middle;fill:#fff}.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary{background-color:#fff;max-width:174px;min-width:159px;text-align:center;width:100%;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary{min-width:auto}}.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary span{color:#333}.AccessOptions .access-options-button.btn-purchase{margin-bottom:16px}.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary:active,.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary:focus,.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary:hover,.AccessOptions .access-options-button:active,.AccessOptions .access-options-button:focus,.AccessOptions .access-options-button:hover{background-color:#e9711c;border-color:#e9711c;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary:active span,.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary:focus span,.AccessOptions .access-options-button.is-secondary:hover span,.AccessOptions .access-options-button:active span,.AccessOptions .access-options-button:focus span,.AccessOptions .access-options-button:hover span{color:#fff}.AccessOptions .access-options-or{padding-bottom:8px}.AccessOptions .access-options-purchase-section{min-width:160px;max-width:256px;padding:16px 8px 0}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.AccessOptions .access-options-purchase-section{min-width:auto}}.AccessOptions .access-options-outward-links-section{padding:16px 8px 0}.AccessOptions .access-options-link{padding-bottom:4px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.AccessOptions .access-options-link .gizmo-icon{margin-left:-4px;margin-right:8px;margin-top:4px;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto}.AccessOptions .access-options-link-text{-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.AccessOptions .gizmo-icon{fill:currentColor}.RelatedContentModal{width:95%;max-width:600px;max-height:100%;padding:32px 0 0}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.RelatedContentModal{padding-bottom:8px}}.RelatedContentModal .SidePanel{margin:0 16px}.RelatedContentModal .close{position:absolute;top:16px;right:16px;color:#007398;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer;border:0;padding:0}.RelatedContentLink{margin-right:24px;display:inline-block;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;vertical-align:text-bottom}.RelatedContentLink .related-content-link{cursor:pointer}.RelatedContentLink .related-content-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.ViewContent{color:#505050;border-bottom:2px solid #ebebeb;padding-bottom:16px}.ViewContent .text{margin-right:32px}.ie9 .CrossmarkModal .close-crossmark-modal{position:relative;top:0;right:0;margin-top:0}.CrossmarkModal{height:521px;width:550px;max-height:625px;max-width:550px;padding:32px 0 0}.CrossmarkModal iframe{height:98%;width:100%;border:0}.CrossmarkModal .close-crossmark-modal{position:absolute;top:16px;right:16px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.CrossmarkModal{width:auto}}.PdfDownloadButton{margin-right:24px;line-height:32px}.PdfDownloadButton .pdf-download-btn-link{font-size:14px;padding:8px 0;cursor:pointer}.PdfDownloadButton .pdf-download-btn-link .Icon,.PdfDownloadButton .pdf-download-btn-link .icon-pdf{margin-bottom:-12px;margin-right:8px}.warning{position:relative;background:#333;color:#fff;padding:16px 48px 0 16px}.warning p{font-size:13px;margin:0;padding:0 0 16px;line-height:18px}.warning p a{color:#32b3ec}.warning-close{font-size:20px;line-height:13px;font-family:verdana;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:16px;right:16px}.warning-close,.warning-close:hover{text-decoration:none}.PdfDropDownMenu{position:absolute;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #c9c9c9;box-shadow:2px 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);margin-left:36px;margin-top:3px;padding:10px;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;font-weight:400;text-align:left}.PdfDropDownMenu:before{top:-22px;border:11px solid transparent;border-top-color:inherit}.PdfDropDownMenu:after,.PdfDropDownMenu:before{position:absolute;left:32px;width:0;height:0;content:" ";pointer-events:none;-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.PdfDropDownMenu:after{top:-20px;margin-left:1px;border:10px solid transparent;border-top-color:#fff}.PdfDropDownMenu .icon-pdf{position:relative;top:3px;margin-right:6px;background-size:16px;width:16px;height:16px}.PdfDropDownMenu a{display:block;margin:6px 6px 8px 0}.DownloadIssueModal{top:0;-ms-transform:translate(-50%);transform:translate(-50%);max-width:640px;max-height:100%;width:100%;margin:5% auto}.DownloadIssueModal .modal-content{max-height:90%}.DownloadIssueModal .icon-pdf{vertical-align:middle;background-size:16px;height:16px;width:16px;margin-top:-1px}.DownloadIssueModal .download-container{padding:32px 32px 40px}.DownloadIssueModal .articles-box{overflow-y:auto;max-height:500px;margin:12px 0 0 16px}.DownloadIssueModal .articles-box .article-info{font-size:14px;margin-left:25px;margin-top:16px}.DownloadIssueModal .articles-box .article-info .article-info-title{display:inline-block;width:100%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.DownloadIssueModal .download-header .download-pdf-selection-button{display:inline-block;position:relative;border:1px solid #ebebeb;background-color:#fff;padding:4px;height:32px;overflow:visible;line-height:1.8;color:#007398;font-size:12px}.DownloadIssueModal .download-header .download-pdf-selection-button:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:#e9711c;cursor:pointer}.DownloadIssueModal .download-header .download-pdf-selection-button:before{position:absolute;top:100%;left:8px;border:11px solid transparent;border-top-color:inherit;width:0;height:0;content:" ";pointer-events:none}.DownloadIssueModal .download-header .download-pdf-selection-button:after{position:absolute;top:98%;left:8px;margin-left:1px;border:10px solid transparent;border-top-color:#fff;width:0;height:0;content:" ";pointer-events:none}.DownloadIssueModal .download-header .download-pdf-selection-button .download-pdf-selection-button-text{margin-left:5px}.DownloadIssueModal .close{position:absolute;top:16px;right:16px;color:#007398;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer;border:0;padding:0}.DownloadIssueModal .sub-type{margin:4px 0;font-size:12px}.DownloadIssueModal .sub-type span:after{content:", "}.DownloadIssueModal .sub-type span:last-child:after{content:""}.DownloadIssueModal .sub-type .open-access{color:#f93}.DownloadIssueModal .main-article-sub-type{font-size:12px;color:#888;display:block}.DownloadIssueModal .header-other-articles{color:#777;font-size:18px;margin:16px 0}.DownloadIssueModal .article-checkbox{display:block;float:left;margin-left:-25px;cursor:pointer}.DownloadIssueModal .authors{color:#5c5c5c;margin:4px 0;font-size:12px;display:block;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:100%;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.ExpandingButton{border:0;padding:0;color:#007398;background-color:#fff}.ExpandingButton:hover{color:#e9711c;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer}.ExpandingButton .icon-collapse,.ExpandingButton .icon-expand{width:9px;height:9px;margin:0 4px 0 0}.CrossmarkModal,.DownloadIssueModal,.EntitledRecommendationsModal,.RelatedContentModal,.TransientErrorModal{position:fixed;left:50%;top:50%;-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);z-index:10;border-color:transparent;background-color:#fff;line-height:20px;overflow:auto;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;color:#505050}.ReactModal__Body--open{overflow:hidden}.TransientErrorModal{max-width:460px;max-height:100%;padding:32px}.TransientErrorModal .close{position:absolute;top:16px;right:16px;color:#007398;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer;border:0;padding:0}.TransientErrorModal .icon-warning{float:left}.TransientErrorModal p{padding-left:48px;padding-right:16px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.TransientErrorModal{width:auto}}.Body{line-height:150%}.Body .monospace{font-family:monospace}.Body .sans-serif{font-family:sans-serif}.Body dd>p{margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:4px}.Body .enunciation-label{font-weight:700}.Body .formula{text-align:left;display:block;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;position:relative}.Body .formula>.formula{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.Body .formula .math{text-align:left}.Body .formula>.label{float:right}.Body section{margin-bottom:8px}.Body section dt{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:16px}.Body section dd{display:block;margin-left:48px}.Body section dd p{display:inline-block;width:100%;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:8px}.Body section h2{margin-bottom:8px;font-size:18px}.Body section h3,.Body section h4,.Body section h5,.Body section h6{margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:16px}.Body .author-highlights,.Body .editor-highlights{background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:32px;max-width:680px}.Body figure{font-size:13px;display:block;padding-top:8px;margin:0 0 20px;border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #c9c9c9}.Body figure:first-of-type{border-top:1px solid #c9c9c9}.Body figure figure:first-child{border-top:0}.Body figure h4{float:left;padding-right:.3em;font-weight:700}.Body figure figcaption{line-height:22px;color:#737373;margin:0 24px 20px}.Body figure img{height:auto;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:10px}.Body figure .links-for-figure{margin:0 24px 20px}.Body figure li{display:inline-block;margin-right:24px;padding:0;white-space:nowrap}.Body .inter-refs .inter-ref:not(:last-of-type):after,.Body .inter-refs .intra-ref:not(:last-of-type):after,.Body .intra-refs .inter-ref:not(:last-of-type):after,.Body .intra-refs .intra-ref:not(:last-of-type):after{content:", "}.Body .e-component{border:1px solid #ebebeb;border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:24px;padding:6px}.Body .e-component .article-link{margin-right:5px}.Body .e-component .article-link.right{float:right}.Body .e-component .audio-player,.Body .e-component .video-player{display:block}.Body .keyword{margin-right:5px}.Exam h2{font-size:18px}.Exam .label{float:left;line-height:inherit;font-size:inherit}.Exam .label+p,.Exam li>ul{margin-left:30px}.Exam ul>.label{float:none;display:inline-block;margin-right:4px}.Exam ul>.label:after{content:". "}.Exam ul>.label+h2{font-size:inherit;display:inline}.Exam ul>h2{margin-bottom:10px}.Exam ul{margin-bottom:30px}.Exam figure{font-size:13px;display:block;padding:8px 0;margin:0;border-top:1px solid #c9c9c9;border-bottom:1px solid #c9c9c9}.Exam figure h4{float:left;padding-right:.3em;font-weight:700}.Exam figure figcaption{line-height:22px;color:#737373}.Exam figure img{max-width:100%}.Exam figure li{display:inline-block;width:50%}.OpenAccessLabel{color:#e9711c;font-size:13px}.icon-pdf{display:inline-block;background-size:32px;height:32px;width:32px;background:url(//sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/prod/a8961c34c95ab4b818e9c0cb2ad1dfe6996099a0/9825b26f48cc1196883147747fe6618c.png) no-repeat 0 0}.SSOUrls{display:none}.WorkspaceArticles .overflow{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.WorkspaceArticles .regular{overflow:initial;white-space:normal;text-overflow:clip}.WorkspaceArticles .article-title{margin-bottom:10px}.WorkspaceArticles .title{font-weight:700}.WorkspaceArticles .ViewDetailsButton{float:right}.WorkspaceArticles header{margin-bottom:15px}.ViewDetailsButton{-webkit-appearance:none;background:transparent;border:0;font-size:14px;padding:0 5px;line-height:32px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .3s,border-bottom .3s}.ViewDetailsButton .icon-navigate-down{fill:#007398;height:18px;width:18px;margin-bottom:-4px;transition:transform .3s}.ViewDetailsButton.is-up .icon-navigate-down{fill:#e9711c;-ms-transform:scaleY(-1);transform:scaleY(-1)}.ViewDetailsButton .label{color:#007398;padding:0 2px 0 1px;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;transition:color .3s}.ViewDetailsButton:hover .label{color:#e9711c;text-decoration:underline}.ViewDetailsButton:hover .icon-navigate-down{fill:#e9711c}.pad-left{padding-left:32px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.pad-left{padding-left:16px}}.pad-right{padding-right:32px}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.pad-right{padding-right:16px}}.pull-left{float:left}.pull-right{float:right}@media screen and (max-width:767px){.show-t-s{display:block}}@media screen and (max-width:767px){.hide-t-s{display:none}}.sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.sr-only-focusable:active,.sr-only-focusable:focus{clip:auto;height:auto;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:static}body,html{margin:0;padding:0;height:100%}.react-root{display:block;overflow:visible}a:hover{color:#e9711c}header{margin:auto}header .ccs-component{z-index:19}header .link-inherit *{color:inherit}header .link-inherit:hover *{text-decoration:none}header .link-inherit .icon{vertical-align:baseline}p{margin:0 0 16px}footer{margin:auto}footer.main{height:200px}footer .ccs-component .footer{z-index:1}.glyph,.inline-figure>img{vertical-align:middle}